قالب:Cite news

من أخبار المعرفة
[edit] Template-info.svg Template documentation

خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "High-use". خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template wrapper". خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template wrapper". خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template wrapper".

Usage

خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template wrapper". خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template wrapper".

To cite a news article with a credited author

{{cite news |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |work= |location= |access-date=}}

To cite a news article with no credited author

{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date= |title= |url= |work= |location= |access-date=}}

To cite an online news article that has been archived

{{cite news |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |url-status= |work= |location= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=}}

To cite a news article written in a foreign language

{{cite news |last= |first= |date= |title= |trans-title= |url= |language= |work= |location= |access-date=}}

To cite and quote an archived news article clipped with an information aggregation service requiring a subscription

{{cite news |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |title= |trans-title= |url= |url-status= |language= |work= |location= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |via= |quote=}}

|}خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Check for unknown parameters".

خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template wrapper".

{{cite news |last1= |first1= |author-link1= |last2= |first2= |author-link2= |last3= |first3= |author-link3= |last4= |first4= |author-link4= |last5= |first5= |author-link5= |display-authors= |author-mask= |name-list-style= |date= |year= |orig-date= |title= |script-title= |trans-title= |url= |url-status= |format= |editor1-last= |editor1-first= |editor1-link= |editor2-last= |editor2-first= |editor2-link= |editor3-last= |editor3-first= |editor3-link= |editor4-last= |editor4-first= |editor4-link= |editor5-last= |editor5-first= |editor5-link= |display-editors= |department= |work= |type= |series= |language= |volume= |issue= |others= |edition= |location= |publisher= |publication-date= |agency= |page= |pages= |at= |no-pp= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doi-broken-date= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |via= |url-access= |lay-url= |lay-source= |lay-date= |quote= |postscript= |ref=}}

|}خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Check for unknown parameters".

خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template wrapper".

To cite a news article with a credited author
{{cite news
| last         = 
| first        = 
| date         = 
| title        = 
| url          = 
| work         = 
| location     = 
| access-date  = 
}}
To cite a news article with no credited author
{{cite news
| author       =<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.-->
| title        = 
| url          = 
| work         = 
| location     = 
| date         = 
| access-date  =
}}
To cite an online news article that has been archived
{{cite news
| last         = 
| first        = 
| date         = 
| title        = 
| url          = 
| url-status   = 
| work         = 
| location     = 
| archive-url  = 
| archive-date = 
| access-date  = 
}}
To cite a news article written in a foreign language
{{cite news
| last         = 
| first        = 
| date         = 
| title        = 
| trans-title  = 
| url          = 
| language     = 
| work         = 
| location     = 
| access-date  = 
}}
To cite and quote a clipped and archived news article on an information aggregation service requiring a subscription
{{cite news
| last1        = 
| first1       = 
| last2        = 
| first2       = 
| date         = 
| title        = 
| trans-title  = 
| url          = 
| url-status   = 
| format       = 
| language     = 
| work    = 
| location     = 
| archive-url  = 
| archive-date = 
| access-date  = 
| via          = 
| url-access   = 
| quote        = 
}}

|}خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Check for unknown parameters".

خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template wrapper".

{{cite news
| last1                 = 
| first1                = 
| author-link1          = 
| last2                 = 
| first2                = 
| author-link2          = 
| last3                 = 
| first3                = 
| author-link3          = 
| last4                 = 
| first4                = 
| author-link4          = 
| last5                 = 
| first5                = 
| author-link5          = 
| display-authors       = 
| author-mask           = 
| name-list-style       = 
| date                  = 
| year                  = 
| orig-date             =
| title                 = 
| script-title          = 
| trans-title           = 
| url                   = 
| url-status            = 
| format                = 
| editor1-last          = 
| editor1-first         = 
| editor1-link          = 
| editor2-last          = 
| editor2-first         = 
| editor2-link          = 
| editor3-last          = 
| editor3-first         = 
| editor3-link          = 
| editor4-last          = 
| editor4-first         = 
| editor4-link          = 
| editor5-last          = 
| editor5-first         = 
| editor5-link          = 
| display-editors       = 
| department            = 
| work                  = 
| type                  = 
| series                = 
| language              = 
| volume                = 
| issue                 = 
| others                = 
| edition               = 
| location              = 
| publisher             = 
| publication-date      = 
| agency                = 
| page                  = 
| pages                 = 
| at                    = 
| no-pp                 = 
| arxiv                 = 
| asin                  = 
| bibcode               = 
| doi                   = 
| doi-broken-date       = 
| isbn                  = 
| issn                  = 
| jfm                   = 
| jstor                 = 
| lccn                  = 
| mr                    = 
| oclc                  = 
| ol                    = 
| osti                  = 
| pmc                   = 
| pmid                  = 
| rfc                   = 
| ssrn                  = 
| zbl                   = 
| id                    = 
| archive-url           = 
| archive-date          = 
| access-date           = 
| via                   = 
| lay-url               = 
| lay-source            = 
| lay-date              = 
| quote                 = 
| postscript            = 
| ref                   = 
}}

خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template wrapper".

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template wrapper".

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template wrapper".

Choosing between خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template link general". and خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template link general".

خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "anchor". Before 2014, editors needed to decide whether to use {{Cite web}} or خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template link general". based on their features. In 2014, however, most of the differences between the two templates were eliminated.

As of 29 July 2016, خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template link general". and خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template link general". have the following differences:

  • خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template link general". can be used for offline (paper) sources whereas خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template link general". generates a missing URL error when no URL is provided
  • خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template link general". accepts |issue= and |volume= parameters while خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template link general". does not (See خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Section link"..)

But given the same set of valid parameters, their output is exactly the same:

Cite web: خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "citation/CS1".
Cite news: خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "citation/CS1".

Examples

A news article with a credited author
{{cite news |last=Wolford |first=Ben |date=2013-10-16 |title=Citrus Canker Lawsuit Headed Back to Trial |url=http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/palm-beach/fl-citrus-canker-ruling-20131016,0,7602285.story |work=South Florida Sun-Sentinel |access-date=2013-10-17}}
Displays as:
  • خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "citation/CS1".
A news article released by a news agency and having no credited author
{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |title=Bellingham Police Arrest WWU Student in Melee |url=http://blogs.seattletimes.com/today/2013/10/bellingham-police-arrest-wwu-student-in-melee/ |work=The Seattle Times |agency=Associated Press |date=2013-10-17 |access-date=2013-10-17}}
Displays as:
  • خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "citation/CS1".
A news article that has been archived
{{cite news |last=Pank |first=Philip |date=2013-10-18 |title=Families Accuse Network Rail of Cover-Up |url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/business/industries/transport/article3897709.ece |url-status=dead |work=The Times |location=London |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6KS5scqfE |archive-date=2013-10-18 |access-date=2013-10-18}}
Displays as:
  • خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "citation/CS1".
A news article written in a foreign language
{{cite news |last=Bourmaud |first=François-Xavier |date=2013-10-17 |title=Hollande dans le bourbier de l'affaire Leonarda |trans-title=Hollande in the quagmire of the Leonarda case |url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/2013/10/17/01002-20131017ARTFIG00575-hollande-dans-le-bourbier-de-l-affaire-leonarda.php |language=French |work=Le Figaro |location=Paris |access-date=2013-10-17}}
Displays as:
  • خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "citation/CS1".
A clipped and archived news article that you quote, found on an information aggregation service requiring a subscription
{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/30201172/daily_news/ |title=Czechs honor Yuri |date=30 April 1961 |newspaper=Daily News|access-date=2 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402233429/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/30201172/daily_news/|archive-date=2 April 2019|url-status=live |agency=Reuters |location=New York |page=35 |via=Newspapers.com |quote=Czech President [[Antonin Novotny]] today made visiting Soviet spaceman Yuri Gagarin a "Hero of Socialist Labor".}}
Displays as:
  • خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "citation/CS1".

Parameters

Syntax

خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template wrapper".

خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template wrapper".

COinS

خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template wrapper".

What's new

خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template wrapper".

Deprecated

خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template wrapper".

Description

Authors

خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template wrapper".

Title

خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template wrapper". خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template wrapper".

Periodical

خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template wrapper".

Date

خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template wrapper".

Publisher

خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template wrapper". خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template wrapper".

Edition, volume

خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template wrapper". خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template wrapper".

In-source locations

خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template wrapper".

خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "anchor".URL

خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template wrapper".

Anchor

خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template wrapper".

Identifiers

خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template wrapper". خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template wrapper".

Quote

خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template wrapper".

Editors

خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template wrapper".

Lay summary

خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template wrapper".

Display options

خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template wrapper".

Subscription or registration required

خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Template wrapper".

TemplateData

This is the TemplateData for this template used by TemplateWizard, VisualEditor and other tools. Click here to see a monthly parameter usage report for this template based on this TemplateData.

TemplateData for Cite news

خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Check for unknown parameters".

خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "cs1 documentation support".

This template formats a citation to a news article in print, video, audio or web using the provided source information (e.g. author, publication, date) and various formatting options.

وسائط القالب

هذا القالب يفضل التنسيق بنفس السطر للوسائط.

وسيطوصفنوعحالة
Last namelast last1 author author1 authors

The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'.

سطرمقترح
First namefirst first1

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'.

سطرمقترح
Author linkauthor-link author-link1 author1-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors

اسم الصفحةاختياري
Last name 2last2 author2

The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link2'.

غير معروفاختياري
First name 2first2

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink.

غير معروفاختياري
Author link 2author-link2 author2-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author. (Up to nine authors can be listed, 3-9 are toward the end of the parameter list)

اسم الصفحةاختياري
Last name 3last3 author3

The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link3'.

غير معروفاختياري
First name 3first3

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink.

غير معروفاختياري
Author link 3author-link3 author3-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author.

اسم الصفحةاختياري
Last name 4last4 author4

The surname of the fourth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link4'.

غير معروفاختياري
First name 4first4

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth author; don't wikilink.

غير معروفاختياري
Author link 4author-link4 author4-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth author.

اسم الصفحةاختياري
Last name 5last5 author5

The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link5'.

غير معروفاختياري
First name 5first5

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink.

غير معروفاختياري
Author link 5author-link5 author5-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth author.

اسم الصفحةاختياري
Last name 6last6 author6

The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link6'.

غير معروفاختياري
First name 6first6

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink.

غير معروفاختياري
Author link 6author-link6 author6-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author.

اسم الصفحةاختياري
Last name 7last7 author7

The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link7'.

غير معروفاختياري
First name 7first7

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink.

غير معروفاختياري
Author link 7author-link7 author7-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author.

اسم الصفحةاختياري
Last name 8last8 author8

The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link8'.

غير معروفاختياري
First name 8first8

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink.

غير معروفاختياري
Author link 8author-link8 author8-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author.

اسم الصفحةاختياري
Last name 9last9 author9

The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link9'. If nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the last author.

غير معروفاختياري
First name 9first9

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink.

غير معروفاختياري
Author link 9author-link9 author9-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author.

اسم الصفحةاختياري
Display authorsdisplay-authors

number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used;

رقماختياري
Author maskauthor-mask

Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead

نصاختياري
Name list stylename-list-style

Set to 'amp' or 'and' to change the separator between the last two names of the name list to ' & ' or ' and ', respectively. Set to 'vanc' to display name lists in Vancouver style.

نصاختياري
Othersothers

Used to record other contributions to the work, such as 'Illustrated by John Smith' or 'Translated by John Smith'

نصاختياري
Source datedate

Full date of the source; do not wikilink

تاريخمقترح
Year of publicationyear

Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known

نصاختياري
Original dateorig-date

Original date of publication; provide specifics

نصاختياري
Source titletitle

The title of the article as it appears in the source; displays in quotes

نصمطلوب
Script titlescript-title

For titles in languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc). Prefix with two-character ISO639-1 language code followed by a colon. For Japanese use: |script-title=ja:...

نصاختياري
Languagelanguage

The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name; do not use icons or templates

نصاختياري
Translated titletrans-title

An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended

نصاختياري
Editionedition

When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed with ' ed.'

نصاختياري
Volumevolume

For one publication published in several volumes

نصاختياري
Pagepage

Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.'

نصمقترح
Pagespages

Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.'

مثال
2–3
نصاختياري
No ppno-pp

Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover')

قيمة تلقائية
y
بوليانياختياري
Atat

May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient

نصاختياري
Name of publicationwork journal magazine periodical newspaper website

Name of the newspaper, magazine or periodical; displays after title

مثال
[[The Wall Street Journal]]
نصمقترح
Publisherpublisher institution

Name of the parent institution or company that publishes the newspaper, magazine, or periodical; displays after name of the publication

مثال
[[Gannett]]
نصاختياري
Agencyagency

The news agency (wire service) that provided the content; examples: Associated Press, Reuters, Agence France-Presse

نصاختياري
Issueissue number

Issue identifier when the source is part of a series that is published periodically

نصاختياري
Departmentdepartment

Department within the periodical

نصاختياري
Location of publicationlocation place

Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place; alias of 'place'

نصاختياري
Place of publicationpublication-place

Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at'

نصاختياري
Publication datepublication-date

Date of publication when different from the date the work was written; do not wikilink

قيمة تلقائية
تاريخاختياري
Editor last nameeditor-last editor-last1 editor1-last editor-surname editor-surname1 editor1-surname editor editor1

The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-last', 'editor', and 'editors'

غير معروفاختياري
Editor first nameeditor-first editor-first1 editor1-first editor-given editor-given1 editor1-given

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-first'

غير معروفاختياري
Editor linkeditor-link editor-link1

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-link'

اسم الصفحةاختياري
Typetype

Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case

نصاختياري
Formatformat

Format of the work referred to by 'url'; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML

نصاختياري
URLurl URL

The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. Requires schemes of the type "http://..." or maybe even the protocol relative scheme "//..."

مثال
https://www.nytimes.com/...
مسارمقترح
URL statusurl-status

If set to 'live', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live. Set to "dead" or 'usurped' for broken links. Entering 'unfit' or 'usurped' makes the original link not appear at all.

القيم المقترحة
dead live usurped unfit
غيابي
'dead' if an Archive URL is entered
مثال
'dead' or 'live'
نصاختياري
URL access levelurl-access

Classification of the access restrictions on the URL ('registration', 'subscription' or 'limited')

القيم المقترحة
registration subscription limited
نصاختياري
URL access dateaccess-date

The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink

تاريخمقترح
Archive URLarchive-url

The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archive-date'

نصاختياري
Archive datearchive-date

Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink

نصاختياري
arXiv identifierarxiv

An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers

نصاختياري
ASINasin

Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters

نصاختياري
ASIN TLDasin-tld

ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US

نصاختياري
Bibcodebibcode

Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters

نصاختياري
DOIdoi

Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'

نصاختياري
DOI broken datedoi-broken-date

The date that the DOI was determined to be broken

تاريخاختياري
ISBNisbn ISBN

International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible

نصاختياري
ISSNissn ISSN

International Standard Serial Number; 8 characters; may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen

نصاختياري
jfm codejfm

Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code

نصاختياري
JSTORjstor

JSTOR identifier

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LCCNlccn

Library of Congress Control Number

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MRmr

Mathematical Reviews identifier

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OCLCoclc

Online Computer Library Center number

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OLol

Open Library identifier

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OSTIosti

Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier

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PMCpmc

PubMed Center article number

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PMIDpmid

PubMed Unique Identifier

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RFCrfc

Request for Comments number

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SSRNssrn

Social Science Research Network

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Zblzbl

Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier

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idid

A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable

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Quotequote

Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; needs to include terminating punctuation

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Refref

An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv and sfn templates

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Postscriptpostscript

The closing punctuation for the citation; ignored if 'quote' is defined; to suppress use reserved keyword 'none'

غيابي
.
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Lay URLlay-url

URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source; alias of 'laysummary'

مساراختياري
Lay sourcelay-source

Name of the source of the laysummary; displays in italics, preceded by an en dash

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Lay datelay-date

Date of the summary; displays in parentheses

تاريخاختياري
viavia

Identify the aggregator of the resource that provided the digital version (usually a database provider), when it differs from the publisher (e.g., for The Wikipedia Library)

مثال
[[EBSCOHost]], [[Proquest]], [[Newspapers.com]]
نصاختياري
Bibcode access levelbibcode-access

If the full text is available from ADS via this Bibcode, type 'free'.

القيم المقترحة
free
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DOI access leveldoi-access

If the full text is free to read via the DOI, type 'free'.

القيم المقترحة
free
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HDL access levelhdl-access

If the full text is free to read via the HDL, type 'free'.

القيم المقترحة
free
نصاختياري
Jstor access leveljstor-access

If the full text is free to read on Jstor, type 'free'.

القيم المقترحة
free
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OpenLibrary access levelol-access

If the full text is free to read on OpenLibrary, type 'free'.

القيم المقترحة
free
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OSTI access levelosti-access

If the full text is free to read on OSTI, type 'free'.

القيم المقترحة
free
نصاختياري

See also

خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Navbox". خطأ: لا توجد وحدة بهذا الاسم "Navbox". This template produces COinS metadata; see COinS in Wikipedia for background information.