قالب:Harvc

Template documentation

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This template is a citation hybrid that has characteristics of the long-form cs1 and cs2 and characteristics of short-form {{sfn}} and the {{harv}} families of templates. Its purpose is to provide a method that allows editors to refer to a contribution or chapter in a larger work when more than a few such referrals are required. is not a substitute for a properly constructed citation.

Short-form templates and are often used to link from an article's references section to a long-form cs1|2 template in a bibliography section:

→ {{cite book}}

It is not uncommon for a source have multiple contributors. When it is necessary to refer to multiple contributions in the same source, repeating all of the bibliographic details in multiple long-form citation templates adds to references-section clutter. is designed to hold only the detail necessary to identify a contribution and link to the enclosing work's long-form citation where all of the bibliographic detail can be found:

→ →

Usage

The minimal form is:

{{harvc |last=contributor name |year=publication year |c=contribution title |in=source editor/author name}}

According to the comments in Module:Harvc, mistaken Harvc error: no target: error messages may be produced when the template is nested in other templates as on documentation pages. The otherwise undocumented parameter, |ignore-err=yes, can be added to prevent this.

Parameters

creates a CITEREF anchor from one to four contribution or chapter author surnames (|lastn=) and the value in |year=. This allows to be the target of a link created by {{sfn}} or family templates. From |inn= and |year=, creates a CITEREF link similar to those created by {{harvnb}} and {{sfn}}

|anchor-year= – optional, for use for author(s) with more than one contribution to the work; requires CITEREF disambiguator; see Examples

|author-link= – optional, title of existing Wikipedia article about the first contributor—not the contributor's website; do not wikilink; alias: |author-link1=

|author-linkn= – optional, title of existing Wikipedia article about contributorn; choose n to match n in |lastn=

|author-mask=m – optional, replaces name of the first contributor with m (commonly 2) em dashes; alias: |author-mask1=

|author-maskn=m – optional, replaces name of contributorn with m em dashes; choose n to match n in |lastn=

|author-maskn=<text> – optional, replaces name of contributorn with <text>

|c= – required, the title of chapter or contribution; rendered quoted in upright font; aliases: |chapter=, |contribution=

|display-authors= – optional, defines how displays the contributor list; ignored when |name-list-style=harv:

|display-authors= – when empty or omitted, displays all contributor names in last/first format

|display-authors=n – displays n contributor names in last/first format; appends et al. when n is less than the number of contributors included in the template

|display-authors=etal – displays all contributor names in last/first format and appends et al.

|first= – optional, first contributor's given or first name; alias: |first1=

|firstn= – optional, contributorn given or first name; n begins at 2 and increases by 1 for each additional |firstn=

|id= – required when |last1=-|last4= are the same as |in1=-|in4=; otherwise optional. See Examples

|in= – required, surname or last name of first editor or author of the work that includes the contribution; aliases: |in1=

|in2= – optional, surname or last name of second editor or author

|in3= – optional, surname or last name of third editor or author

|in4= – optional, surname or last name of fourth editor or author

|last= – required, surname or last name of first author; aliases: |last1=

|lastn= – optional, contributorn surname or last name; n begins at 2 and increases by 1 for each additional |lastn=;

|loc= – optional, other location identifier, displays after |p= or |pp=

|mode= – controls rendered display to match that of adjacent CS1 or CS2 citations; defaults to CS1 style

|mode=cs2 – mimic {{citation}} style (comma separators, no terminal punctuation, static text not capitalized)

|name-list-style= – optional, controls contributor name list display style

|name-list-style=harv – mimic or format (one to four last names); overrides |display-authors=

|name-list-style=amp – inserts an ampersand between the last two contributor names

|nb= – optional, when set to yes, instructs to render source link without parentheses around the year; same format as that produced by {{harvnb}}

|p= – optional, single page number where cited material can be found; aliases: |page=

|pp= – optional, multiple page numbers, page ranges, etc where cited material can be found; aliases: |pages=

|ps= – optional, sets terminal punctuation; default is full stop; overrides |mode=cs2; aliases: |postscript=

|ps=none – renders output without terminal punctuation

|url= – optional, URL of an online location where the text of the contribution can be found; aliases: |chapter-url, |contribution-url

|url-access= – optional, use when URL links to a source behind a registration barrier or paywall; inserts cs1|2 access icon; accepted values are: limited, registration, subscription

|year= – required, publication year of the work that includes the contribution

Examples

When a Wikipedia article makes reference to a work that contains multiple chapters by different authors, bibliographies and reference sections can look rather cluttered:

As the list grows longer, the look becomes more cluttered with the unnecessarily repeated detail of full-length citations. With editors can link to shorter, less detailed contribution citations using standard implementations of {{sfn}} templates and {{harv}} templates (like this: and also wrapped in <ref>...</ref> tags). may also be wrapped in <ref>...</ref> tags so that it becomes part of the article's References section.

Avoiding circular reference

It may sometimes be necessary to cite a contribution of a source's editor or author such that |last1= through |last4= are the same as |in1= through |in4=, an editor's preface for example. Such citations can, depending on placement, cause or -family references to link directly to the citation instead of to the template, or cause circular links ( linking to itself because its CITEREF anchor identifier is the same as the citation's CITEREF anchor identifier). If |id= is set, will use it as an anchor identifier; if |id= is not set, will emit an error message when |last1= through |last4= are the same as |in1= through |in4=.

For example, to reference an editor's preface from article text, create a wikilink inside <ref>...</ref> tags:

<ref>[[#Stefferud preface|Stefferud 1957]]</ref>

Write a template with |id=Stefferud preface

{{harvc |last=Stefferud |first=A.|year=1957 |id=Stefferud preface |c=Preface |url=//archive.org/stream/yoa1957#page/n7/mode/1up |in=Stefferud}}

Example references section

Example bibliography section

More than one contribution

There are times when an author or authors will have contributed more than once to a work. When this occurs, it is necessary to disambiguate the CITEREF links from the or templates to the CITEREF id of the appropriate template.

→ → }

→ ↑

In this example, author David Hunt contributed two appendices to Christmas Cacti: The Genus Schlumbergera and Its Hybrids.

There are two {{harvnb}} templates that are disambiguated:

{{harvnb |Hunt |1995a}} →

{{harvnb |Hunt |1995b}} →

These link to two templates which use |anchor-year= for their CITEREF id and for the date in the rendering as a visual aid for readers:

• {{harvc |in=McMillan |in2=Horobin |last=Hunt |first=David |c=Appendix I Names and synonyms of the species, subspecies and interspecific hybrids |year=1995 |anchor-year=1995a |mode=cs2 |nb=yes}}

• {{harvc |in=McMillan |in2=Horobin |last=Hunt |first=David |c=Appendix III Excerpts from a Brazilian diary |year=1995 |anchor-year=1995b |mode=cs2 |nb=yes}}

and the single template:

• {{Citation |last=McMillan |first=A. J. S. |last2=Horobin |first2=J. F. |year=1995 |title=Christmas Cacti: The Genus ''Schlumbergera'' and Its Hybrids |edition=p/b |publication-place=Sherbourne, Dorset, UK |publisher=David Hunt |isbn=978-0-9517234-6-3}}

Error messages

emits these error messages:

the source list parameters |in1=, |in2=, |in3=, and |in4= form the template's CITEREF link to the full citation. All are not required but must be used in order without numerical gaps.

when used, |anchor-year= must be a three- or four-digit number and must have a lowercase CITEREF disambiguator. When the source does not have an identifiable year, use |anchor-year=n.d.l or |anchor-year=ndl with lowercase CITEREF disambiguator.

the value assigned to |display-authors= must be a number greater than 0 or the keyword etal

|year= is an integral part of the template's CITEREF anchor and link. The value of |year= must be a three- or four-digit number with an optional lowercase CITEREF disambiguator. When the source does not have an identifiable year, use |year=n.d. or |year=nd.

|year= is missing; the parameter is required.

this error message indicates that can't find any of |last=, |last1=, |author= or |author1= with an assigned value and so cannot make a usable CITEREF anchor. Add at least one of the listed parameters.

this error message indicates that can't find any of |c=, |chapter=, or |contribution= with an assigned value

this error message is emitted when the template's CITEREF anchor identifier would conflict with the long-form citation's CITEREF anchor identifier. See Examples

the year portion of |anchor-year=YYYYl must match the year given in |year=YYYY